Which patient population is at the highest risk for developing atelectasis?

Patients who are thoracic or abdominal post-operative are at the highest risk for developing atelectasis due to several factors related to the surgical procedure and the recovery process. After surgery, especially in the thoracic or abdominal area, patients often experience pain that can inhibit proper breathing and coughing. This reduced ability to take deep breaths or to effectively clear secretions can lead to the collapse of alveoli, which is what defines atelectasis.

Additionally, the use of anesthesia can affect respiratory function, and the presence of fluid in the lungs or from wound sites can further compromise lung expansion. The surgical interventions can also lead to decreased mobility, which is crucial in maintaining optimal respiratory function. Deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometry are often encouraged post-operatively to help prevent atelectasis in this population.

While the other patient populations listed may have conditions that can contribute to respiratory complications, they do not experience the same immediate risks associated with postoperative recovery that leads to a higher incidence of atelectasis.