What is the medical term for the collapse of airways and portions of the lungs?

The medical term for the collapse of airways and portions of the lungs is atelectasis. This condition occurs when the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, become deflated or filled with fluid, resulting in reduced area for gas exchange. Atelectasis can lead to significant respiratory issues, as it impairs the ability of the lungs to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide. It can happen as a result of various factors, including obstruction of the airways, pressure from outside the lung, or inadequate surfactant production.

In terms of related conditions, hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of an organ or tissue, often as a response to increased workload; emphysema is a chronic lung condition that leads to damage of the alveoli and permanent enlargement of the air spaces; bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often resulting in coughing and mucus production. While each of these terms describes a specific respiratory or pulmonary issue, none accurately define the collapse of airways and lung portions like atelectasis does.