What is the main difference between angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia?

Angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia are related conditions, but they represent different aspects of heart health. Angina pectoris is a symptom that indicates the presence of myocardial ischemia. It is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, often due to narrowed coronary arteries. This discomfort typically arises during physical exertion or stress when the heart demands more oxygen than is available.

On the other hand, myocardial ischemia refers to the actual deficiency of blood flow to the heart muscle, which can occur due to various underlying causes such as coronary artery disease. It is the process or condition that leads to symptoms like angina pectoris. Recognizing this distinction is crucial for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular conditions effectively. For instance, while angina is an immediate indicator prompting further investigation and management of ischemic heart disease, ischemia itself may not always present noticeable symptoms. This understanding helps healthcare providers identify the underlying issues and implement appropriate treatments to restore adequate blood flow to the heart.