What is pleural effusion?

Pleural effusion refers specifically to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the thin gap between the layers of tissue lining the lungs and the chest wall. This condition can arise from various causes, including infections, heart failure, cancer, or inflammatory diseases. When fluid builds up, it can compress the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygenation.

Recognizing pleural effusion is important because it can significantly affect respiratory function and may require medical intervention such as thoracentesis (drainage of the fluid) or treatment of the underlying cause. Understanding this concept is key for managing conditions that involve the lungs and pleural space effectively.