How does hypoventilation affect pH levels in the body?

Hypoventilation occurs when a person breathes at an inadequate rate or depth, leading to a decreased exchange of gases in the lungs. This results in an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream. The increased levels of CO2 lead to a condition called hypercapnia, which subsequently causes an increase in carbonic acid (H2CO3) formation in the body due to the chemical reaction between CO2 and water.

As carbonic acid dissociates, it releases hydrogen ions (H+) into the blood, which lowers the pH and causes respiratory acidosis. This means that the acidity of the blood increases, resulting in a decreased pH. Therefore, hypoventilation ultimately leads to a lower pH level in the body, indicating acidosis. This physiological process is crucial to understand, as it underscores the relationship between respiratory function and acid-base balance in the body.